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The Ultimate Home Inspection Checklist: 8 Key Areas You Can’t Ignore
Mar 6, 2025
Mar 6, 2025
11 min read
61
Did you know that nearly 86% of home inspections uncover at least one issue? Whether buying a new home or planning renovations, skipping an inspection can cost you thousands of hidden repairs.
From leaky windows to structural damage to faulty electrical systems, a thorough inspection ensures you make a sound investment. But what to look for in a home inspection? Here are the top 8 home inspection items to review before it’s too late.
1. Home Windows and Front Doors Inspection
Windows and exterior doors play a bigger role in a home’s energy efficiency than many homeowners think, accounting for up to 25% of overall energy loss.
Over time, poor installation, aging materials, and weather damage can lead to air leaks, condensation, ice-build ups and insulation failure. That’s why inspecting them should be a top priority.
A proper replacement windows inspection includes checking for the following:
- drafts
- fogging between panes
- water stains
- difficulty opening or closing
- thermal imaging tests
These are all signs of seal failure, poor insulation, or even structural shifting. Faulty windows not only drive up energy bills but also make a home less comfortable, especially during Canada’s harsh winters.
Exterior doors should also be inspected for warping, gaps around the frame, damaged weatherstripping, and faulty locks. Gaps in door frames allow heat loss, making a home less energy-efficient.
Replacing outdated or damaged windows and doors is one of the most effective ways to boost energy efficiency, security, and overall home value, having a solid ROI of about 70%.
2. Roof & Attic Inspection
A roof inspection checklist is a must for spotting costly issues before they escalate. The roof is a home’s first line of defence against the elements, and even minor damage can lead to leaks, mould growth, and insulation problems.
A proper inspection includes checking for missing or curled shingles, sagging areas, damaged flashing, and clogged gutters. These are all signs of wear that could result in water infiltration.
The attic plays a key role, too. Poor ventilation and inadequate insulation can cause heat buildup in summer and ice dams in winter, leading to long-term damage. Homeowners should also check for moisture stains, mould growth, and pest activity, which are common red flags.
Since roofing repairs are among the most expensive fixes, with the most basic renovation project starting at $12,000, catching problems early can save thousands of $$$.
Regular inspections—especially after storms—help homeowners prevent leaks, improve energy efficiency, and extend the roof’s lifespan.
3. Foundation & Structural Integrity
A home’s foundation determines its stability; even small cracks can signal bigger problems. Ignoring foundation issues can lead to structural failure, so early detection is key.
Foundation Inspection Guide:
- Cracks in walls, floors, or ceilings (wide or stair-step cracks are concerning)
- Uneven floors or gaps between walls and floors
- Doors and windows sticking due to shifting frames
- Water pooling around the foundation, weakening its structure
A foundation inspection is crucial, especially for older homes or areas with shifting soil.
4. Plumbing System Check
Plumbing issues are among the most common home inspection problems, and undetected leaks can lead to costly water damage. A thorough check ensures the system is in good shape.
Plumbing inspection tips:
- Leaks & Water Pressure – Check under sinks, near appliances, and in basements for signs of moisture or corrosion. Low pressure could indicate hidden leaks.
- Pipe Material & Age – Homes with polybutylene or lead pipes may need replacements due to health risks and deterioration.
- Drainage & Water Heater – Slow drains can signal clogs, while an aging water heater (over 10 years old) may be inefficient or failing.
Leaks and outdated plumbing can lead to mould, high water bills, and structural damage. Early detection saves money and prevents costly repairs.
5. Electrical System Inspection
Faulty electrical systems are a major safety hazard, increasing the risk of fires, shocks, and power failures; that’s why they are one of the most critical home safety inspection items you should pay close attention to.
Key Areas to Check:
- Breaker Panel & Fuses – Look for flickering lights, frequently tripped breakers, or old fuse boxes, which may not meet modern safety standards.
- Wiring Condition – Homes with aluminum wiring (standard in older houses) or knob-and-tube wiring may need upgrades to prevent fire hazards.
- Outlets & Switches – Test for loose, sparking, or warm outlets, which indicate potential wiring faults.
According to statistics, electrical issues are a leading cause of house fires in Canada. An upgrade may be necessary to ensure safety and compliance if your home has outdated wiring or insufficient power capacity.
6. HVAC System Inspection
Your home’s heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system directly affects comfort, air quality, and energy costs. A malfunctioning system can lead to poor efficiency, high utility bills, and costly breakdowns.
Key Areas to Inspect:
- Furnace & Air Conditioning Unit – Check for strange noises, weak airflow, or short cycling, which may indicate mechanical failure.
- Filters & Ductwork – Dirty filters reduce efficiency, while leaky ducts cause up to 30% energy loss.
- Thermostat Functionality – Test whether the system maintains the set temperature and responds correctly.
An inefficient HVAC system can increase energy bills by 20-30%, while neglected maintenance shortens its lifespan. Regular inspections prevent costly repairs and improve indoor air quality.
7. Pest and Mould Inspection
Pests and mould are silent threats that can cause extensive damage and health issues if left unchecked. Termites, rodents, and moisture buildup often go unnoticed until they become major problems.
Key Areas to Inspect:
- Basements, Attics & Crawl Spaces – Look for droppings, nests, or gnawed wires indicating pest infestations.
- Walls & Ceilings – Water stains or musty odours often signal hidden mould growth.
- Windows & Doors – Poor seals and moisture buildup can create the perfect conditions for mould and pests, requiring a proper home inspection to eliminate the issues.
8. Exterior & Drainage Evaluation
A home’s exterior and drainage system prevent water damage, foundation issues, and structural deterioration. Poor drainage can lead to basement flooding, mould growth, and erosion around the foundation.
Key Areas to Inspect:
- Gutters & Downspouts – Clogged or damaged gutters can cause water to overflow, leading to rot and leaks.
- Grading & Drainage – The ground should slope away from the foundation to prevent water pooling.
- Siding & Paint – Peeling paint or cracks in siding can indicate moisture intrusion or hidden damage.
Water damage accounts for 50% of home insurance claims in Canada. Ensuring proper drainage and maintaining the home’s exterior prevents costly repairs and protects structural integrity.
DIY vs. Professional Home Inspection: What’s Better?
Homeowners often wonder whether they can handle an inspection themselves or if hiring a professional is worth the cost. While a DIY home inspection is excellent for spotting minor issues, a certified home inspector is trained to identify hidden structural, electrical, and safety hazards that homeowners might overlook.
So, in case of buying a new residential property, hiring a pro home inspector should definitely be on your list if you want to get a comprehensive audit of the house condition and an independent review (as well as an approximate estimate!) of the areas you might potentially be spending extra cash to renovate.
What Does a Home Inspector Look For?
A professional follows a comprehensive home inspection checklist, assessing:
- Structural integrity – Foundation, roof, and flooring.
- Major systems – Electrical, plumbing, HVAC.
- Exterior & drainage – Gutters, grading, siding.
- Safety concerns – Fire hazards, egress
- Insulation – windows, doors, walls
The cost of a home inspection in Canada ranges from $300 to $600, but catching problems early can save thousands in repairs.
Moreover, when applying for any rebates and loans to make energy-efficient upgrades, the local government programs usually reimburse the home inspection/energy audit, making it even easier and more cost-effective to decide which areas to renovate first, according to the experts.
Why a Thorough Home Inspection Matters
A home inspection is one of the most valuable steps in homeownership—whether buying, selling, or maintaining a property. Catching issues early can prevent costly repairs, improve energy efficiency, and increase a home’s overall safety.
Key Takeaways:
- Inspect major systems first – Windows, doors, roof, foundation, and HVAC impact long-term costs the most.
- DIY inspections help, but pros see what you don’t – Hidden issues like faulty wiring or foundation shifts require an expert eye.
- Investing in upgrades pays off – Replacing outdated windows and doors can boost energy efficiency and home value.
A professional home inspection may cost a few hundred dollars, but it can save homeowners thousands in unexpected repairs.
If your inspection uncovers issues with windows or doors, consider upgrading to modern, energy-efficient replacements for better insulation, security, and long-term savings.\
FAQ
What are the most important things to check during a home inspection?
The key areas to inspect include the roof, foundation, plumbing, electrical system, and HVAC. These critical components impact a home’s safety, energy efficiency, and long-term maintenance costs. Ignoring issues in these areas can lead to expensive repairs down the line.
How do I prepare for a home inspection?
Start by creating a home inspection checklist and hiring a certified inspector. Ensure easy access to all parts of the home, including the attic, basement, electrical panel, and utility areas. Clear away clutter so the inspector can thoroughly assess each system without obstacles.
What are common red flags in a home inspection?
Major warning signs include water damage, foundation cracks, outdated electrical wiring, roof leaks, poor drainage, and pest infestations. These issues can indicate hidden structural problems or costly repairs. A professional inspector will highlight concerns and suggest the best course of action.
How long does a home inspection take?
Most inspections last between 2 to 4 hours, depending on the home’s size, age, and condition. Larger or older homes may take longer, especially if additional testing (e.g., mould, radon, or thermal imaging) is required.
How do I inspect windows during a home inspection?
Check for drafts, condensation between panes, difficulty opening or closing, and visible damage to the frame or seals. Foggy glass or air leaks indicate broken seals, which reduce energy efficiency. Warped or rotting frames may signal moisture damage. If issues are found, upgrading to energy-efficient replacement windows can help lower heating and cooling costs.
